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The development history of jade craft in Qing Dynasty

时间:2021-07-02     

The development history of jade craft in Qing Dynasty is divided into four periods。

First, the first period of jade development in the Qing Dynasty:

In the early Qing Dynasty, the 24 years from Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng to Qianlong, that is, 1644 to 1759, a total of 115 years。The first stage lasted a long time, but the characteristics were not obvious, the jade manufacturing still mainly relied on the jade workshop existing in the folk, and the large-scale jade production and manufacturing of the court had not yet appeared。

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The main features of this period are jade dragon, dragon tiger, figures and clouds and other decorative styles,Typical pattern,The convex is shallow and rounded,Not to show one's edge,The surface is polished and very characteristic,The overall jade carving industry has developed slowly,Jade carving art on the basis of inheriting the pre-Ming jade making technology,It gradually changed and incubated the birth of the new style and characteristics of the jade ware of Kang and Yong dynasties。

Second, the second period of jade manufacturing in the Qing Dynasty:

From the 25th year of Qianlong to the 17th year of Jiaqing, that is, from 1760 to 1812, a total of 52 years。The time is short but it is the most brilliant and luminous stage。Qianlong period,Entered the high tide period of jade in the Qing Dynasty,Jade making in this period,Develop rapidly,Push China's jade production to the peak,Jade has a wide range of themes,Huge quantity,Exquisite workmanship,The whole jade making industry is flourishing unprecedentedly,Mature technique,Built a monument to the history of jade in Qing Dynasty,It has established the status of the third cultural peak of jade,It formed a new style of imperial jade in Qing Dynasty represented by "Qianlong Gong"。

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Third, the third period of jade manufacturing in the Qing Dynasty:

From the 18th year of Jiaqing to the 11th year of Xianfeng, that is, from 1813 to 1861, a total of 48 years。Jiaqing was obviously not as good at making jade as his father,In this period,Domestic economic pressures are emerging,Corruption and meritocracy played no real role in the recovery of the economy,Neiting jade manufacturing industry gradually shrinking depression,The head of the jade piece becomes smaller,Precipitous decline,Decline in technical level,Su, Yang jade industry gradually decline。

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Fourth, the fourth period of jade manufacturing in the Qing Dynasty:

The late Qing Dynasty Tongzhi to Xuantong, that is, 1862 to 1911, a total of 49 years。The source of jade was almost cut off, the production of palace jade was almost halted, jade became the main substitute for jade, and the grinding technology was reduced。Demand for jade at the palace also fell rapidly。

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On the other hand, the jade manufacturing industry in Beijing, located in the north, has not been damaged by the war and has continued to rise, and there has been a limited improvement after the "Tongzhi ZTE", especially the jade jewelry industry has risen。However, due to the use of substitutes, the acceptance of the public has yet to be gradually enhanced。

The stages of the jade ware mentioned above are different from those of the Qing history introduced in the general information, It mainly takes the collection and storage of palace jade materials, the scale of jade making, and the development of technical level as the clue,The local jade industry and its material and technical conditions are taken as the latitines,This paper makes a new attempt on the history of jade craft in Qing Dynasty, Only for the research and identification of Qing Dynasty jade friends for reference。

 


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